Memory Frequency Scaling in SFF Systems: An Investigation with SO-DIMMs and Coffee Lake
by Ganesh T S on November 28, 2018 8:00 AM ESTOverclocking has generally been the domain of enthusiasts with desktop rigs. Though more recently we have seen even SFF PCs joining the bandwagon – Intel's Hades Canyon NUC, for example, supports overclocking the CPU as well as the GPU. However, increasing the CPU frequency beyond the official specifications is not the only way to extract more performance from a computing system. Memory-bound workloads can benefit from memory hierarchies with increased bandwidth and/or lower latencies.
We last looked at DDR4 memory scaling effects on SFF PCs when we experimented with different SO-DIMMs in the Skull Canyon NUC (NUC6i7KYK) based on the Skylake platform. Current SFF PCs are based on Coffee Lake, which brings in more cores while keeping power efficiency in mind. Compared to the Skylake memory controller's official limit of 2133 MT/s, the Coffee Lake memory controller ships with DDR4-2666 supported out of the box. In this article, we explore the effects of varying DDR4 SO-DIMM frequencies and timings on a SFF PC with a standard Coffee Lake desktop CPU.
Introduction
Since the introduction of DDR4 support in the Skylake platform, we have seen expanded support for overclocked memory kits on both the desktop and notebook segments. On standard non-overclocked systems, the DDR4 memory controller in Coffee Lake desktop CPUs operates at 2666 MT/s, while the U-series CPUs have a 2400 MT/s interface. DDR4 DIMMs operating as high as 4266 MT/s are available for desktop systems with full-sized memory slots. On the SO-DIMM side, we have seen various vendors introduce kits operating between 2133 MT/s and 3200 MT/s. While 2400 MT/s has become the de-facto SO-DIMM frequency for current systems, the usage of desktop CPUs in SFF PCs such as the ASRock DeskMini have ensured that the higher frequency SO-DIMMs also have adoption.
At the time of our Skull Canyon NUC memory scaling experiments, the number of SFF PCs supporting overclocked SO-DIMMs was very few. Since then, we have had numerous SFF systems utilizing desktop CPUs go through our test bench – the Zotac ZBOX MAGNUS EN1080K and the ASRock DeskMini GTX bring prime examples. For today's article we chose the latter for our experiments; the BIOS includes XMP support, making it very easy to get the SO-DIMM kits running at their higher-rated frequencies.
With memory prices still running quite high, we shifted from the 2x16GB configurations used in our Skull Canyon memory scaling piece to 2x8GB configuration for the Coffee Lake experiments. To this end, we procured some of Team Group's T-Force Vulcan SO-DIMMs, which are available in both 2400 MT/s and 2666 MT/s speed grades. Meanwhile to look at higher memory speeds, we also picked up one of Kingston's HyperX Impact 3200 kits.
The rest of this review deals with the quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of different types of DRAM in the ASRock DeskMini GTX (Z370). In order to do this, we processed various benchmarks while keeping everything other than the DRAM SO-DIMMs constant. Each configuration was booted to BIOS multiple times to ensure that the SPD information was properly parsed and the optimal frequency / timing parameters chosen. Once the OS was booted, we also checked with multiple hardware monitoring tools that the parameters indicated by the BIOS for the DRAM SO-DIMMs were indeed what the OS was also seeing.
ASRock DeskMini Z370 GTX1060 Specifications | |
Processor | Intel Core i7-8700 Coffee Lake-S, 6C/12T, 3.2 GHz (Turbo 4.6 GHz), 14nm++, 12 MB L2, 65W TDP |
Memory - Option 1 | Team Group T-Force Vulcan TLRD416G2400HC15BDC-S01 DDR4 SO-DIMM 15-17-17-35 @ 2400 MT/s 2x8 GB |
Memory - Option 2 | Team Group T-Force Vulcan TLRD416G2666HC18F-SBK DDR4 SO-DIMM 18-18-18-38 @ 2666 MT/s 2x8 GB |
Memory - Option 3 | Kingston HyperX KHX3200C20S4 DDR4 SO-DIMM 17-19-19-39 @ 2933 MT/s 2x8 GB |
Memory - Option 4 | Kingston HyperX KHX3200C20S4 DDR4 SO-DIMM 20-22-22-42 @ 3066 MT/s 2x8 GB |
Graphics | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (6GB GDDR5) |
Disk Drive(s) | Team Group Cardea Zero TM8FP2240G0C111 (240 GB; M.2 Type 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4 NVMe; Toshiba 15nm; MLC) |
Networking | Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3165 (1x1 802.11ac - 433 Mbps) 1x Intel I219V Gigabit LAN |
Audio | 3.5mm Headphone Jack Capable of 5.1/7.1 digital output with HD audio bitstreaming (HDMI) |
Miscellaneous I/O Ports | 2x USB 2.0 5x USB 3.0 (Type-A) 1x USB 3.0 (Type-C) |
Operating System | Retail unit is barebones, but we installed Windows 10 Pro x64 |
Pricing (As configured) | $1100 - $1138 |
Full Specifications | ASRock DeskMini Z370 GTX1060 Specifications |
In the next section, we will first take a look at the specifications of the three SO-DIMM kits / four configurations that were evaluated in the ASRock DeskMini GTX Z370, along with the AIDA64 Memory Bench for each. Following this, we present the results from our updated test suite for SFF PCs and workstations - SYSmark 2018, Futuremark / UL benchmarks, SPECworkstation 3 etc. Prior to our concluding remarks, we take a look at a few miscellaneous aspects such as pricing.
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cyberguyz - Wednesday, November 28, 2018 - link
To me watching SFF overclocking and benchies is kinda like watching midget wrestling matches. Always worth a giggle.CheapSushi - Wednesday, November 28, 2018 - link
Odd analogy but okay.PeachNCream - Thursday, November 29, 2018 - link
I think its less cringe-worthy than reading another tone-deaf article about the old fat guy wrestling equivalent in the form of obsolete full or micro ATX systems when we live in a world where a lot of people don't even own a PC because their phone has replaced it.Zan Lynx - Wednesday, December 5, 2018 - link
No one cares about custom DIMM timings on anything but full-size tower PCs. People who don't own a PC tower don't have any reasonable options to customize anything.I recently read a laughable blog post by a guy that did manage to upgrade the CPU in his laptop. Joy! So great, right?
Nah. It just ran hot and he had to limit the clock speed. What an upgrade.
Elm5tbgb - Thursday, November 29, 2018 - link
Please benchmark graphics performance whenever you test sff systems. No, the the dedicated GPU, the igp. This is the most relevant test consumers will consider whenever we buy laptops or sff PC's. How much graphics performance can I get from ram upgrades for each tier?